So here's the deal. Some friends and I got into various discussions about why, what, and how to resolve the education issue. Well more to the point, why public education fares so poorly in the first place. First point I'm going to make, dollars that public schools spend don't correlate to actual performance very well at all. Especially when compared to each other, when compared to private schools they are even more screwed up and performance seems to be the last concern on the minds of teachers in public schools. The closer and more factually related correlations appear to be on some of the oddest things such as unions, or the lack thereof, and other odd things. The one underlying factor that seems to come out when things are researched is that when teachers are motivated, students do well, when teachers are concerned with their union, pay, or some other unrelated item, the students suffer. But it primarily boils down to how the teachers behave and perform. Little else is as directly related as this. As for dollars spent per student, either $2k or $20k, the performance difference is null without teacher motivation.
One thing about public schools is they have an inordinate ability to NOT motivate teachers. This inherently is the greatest failing of public education. If a motivating system could be incorporated the entire education of America would likely improve some, and definitely would improve greatly. I digress, enough of me rambling, on to the numbers, charts - and FACTS.
Institute of Education Sciences:
In Oregon the expenditures for 04-05 break out as following. Amount per capita for elementary & secondary; $1,346. Amount for college and universities; $750. Amount per capita for other education (i.e. private education subsidies, school programs, etc); $69. The total expenditure for all is $2,166 per student. Total expenditures by state per student amount to $6,520 per student. A gap of $4354 between the total expenditures of the state and the per capita expenditures of the individual. Link is available here: http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d07/tables/dt07_029.asp?referrer=list
Another very interesting fact by basis of GDP is available here: http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/2008/section4/indicator38.asp
According to that write up the US spends more as a percentage of GDP the the vast majority of countries. As seen in this graph http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d07/tables/dt07_025.asp?referrer=list one will notice that the percentage of GDP spent on education has continually risen over the long term. In the last three years there has been a slight decrease of 0.1 percent in two years to decrease from 4.7 percent of GDP to 4.5 percent. This number also has continually risen for the expenditures per student.
http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d07/tables/dt07_026.asp?referrer=list here we see in real 06-07 dollars the price expenditures on Elementary and Secondary Schools went from $155 billion in 1959-60 all the way to $972 billion in 06-07 (this later number is derived from a "total", the accumulative total also is noted closer to the 9-10k dollar amount, all these numbers are inflation adjusted dollars!) http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d07/tables/dt07_001.asp?referrer=list
If one looks at the number of students, provided by this chart http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d07/tables/dt07_003.asp?referrer=list we see that in 1959 there were 35,182,000 students enrolled in elementary and secondary public schools. In 2006 there were 49,370,000 students enrolled. With the previously stated 06-07 dollars that equals out to a 1959 average per student of $4,405 and a 2006 average of $19,688 per student (this being the fed and state total expenditure). Even half of this amount is more than double what was spent per student in 1959.
Two facts that can be derived from the above information, is that Oregon has some of the highest teacher pay rankings per state and has some of the fastest growth in teacher pay (regardless of what some policy wonk groups seem to perpetuate).
Considering we've more than doubled, almost quadrupled expenditures per student we haven't seen similar increases in performance. This chart here http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=66 also shows this vast increase per student in today's dollars.
The counter is shown in this measurement chart http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d07/tables/dt07_008.asp. It appears, according to this that the 1960 high school graduation percentage is 63.7 percent while 2007 is 93.5. I however believe that the measurement has changed several times and have seen numerous measurements in the past that state failure rates or students "quiting" or "dropping out" is high enough to invalidate the 93.5 percent number.
Also it is important to point out, which I haven't collected information for in this blog entry, but overall the ability to graduate has become drastically simplified compared to the qualifications and tests needed in the 60s. The bell curve has given today's students a drastic increase in high school diploma attainment but has however decreased the quality of a high school educated individual. This I would hope is a general understanding and knowledge among parents, but I can't trust it to be.
These paltry graduation rates, which seem to miraculously not be represented in the report mentioned above, are written about frequently in media.
In a number of these articles the 93.5 theoretical graduation rate is contested. I would be strongly hesitant to believe that 93.5 percent of students graduate without some direct "forced pass" of classes and or material needed to do so.
Union AFT: http://www.aft.org/presscenter/releases/2007/statereleases/SalarySurvey-OR.pdf
Oregon Union School Teachers earned an average of $48,320 per year in 2004-05. Beginning salary pay was $33,699 per year. The average national pay for a teacher was $47,602 according to the AFT.
Human Resource Development of the Oregon School Boards Association reported the following: http://www.osba.org/lrelatns/salary/average.htm
In 2005-06 67% of teachers made between $40-$49,999 per year. 18% made more than $50,000. For the 2006-07 year the $40k-$49,999 range decreased to 60% and the $50k and above range increased to 27%. The number below $40k actually decreased 1%. So overall teachers made a substantial increase in pay overall. With a percentage over 9% jumping into the highest pay bracket.
Another point that is brought forth on this site, that if the salary is figured the same as a private industry worker's base salary and the retirement is not withdrawn from the amount when the salary is quoted, the teacher salary average for 05-06 is actually $50,048 and in 06-07 it is $50,937 per year. (http://www.osba.org/lrelatns/salary/average.htm)